The case of Apolima Island (Samoa), included in World Heritage Tentative List.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) powered mini-grid systems have been under consideration for use in the Pacific Island countries for some time. Until recently, however, such systems were deemed to have limited potential. With recent improvement in inverter technology and increase in household demand for electricity in many small islands, the mini-grid approach may now be both technically and economically feasible. The installation of a PV mini-grid system on the island of Apolima, Samoa in November 2006 has been a milestone achievement.
Apolima Island is a small island in Samoa consisting of a volcanic caldera approximately 4km in diameter. It lies between the main islands of Upolu and Savaii, about 45 minutes boat ride from Upolu. The only village in Apolima is located inside the caldera near a point that opens to a constricted and difficult passage from the sea. The village has a population of approximately 100 people.
Electricity was first provided to the small community on Apolima in 1997, with a 15 kVA diesel generator that typically operated five hours per day. However,the lack of 24-hour power, the high noise and emissions of the diesel generator and the costs and logistical challenge of ensuring a reliable supply of diesel fuel led to a search for alternatives.
In 2005/2006, a 100% renewable electricity system was installed. This system consists of a 13.5 kW photovoltaic array, lead-acid batteries, inverters and the necessary buildings and wiring systems. The system design includes approximately 50% overcapacity and is designed to replace an existing diesel power plant. The system was oversized in order to meet the demand growth expected to arise due to the availability of 24-hour power. In addition, the system was sized to provide reliable power through February, which is typically the cloudiest month. System users agreed not to use high-current-draw equipment (such as electric kettles and cookers) during cloudy periods and to purchase only energy-efficient refrigerators and other equipment.
The PV system has two arrays with 86 panels, battery banks, controllers and sealed inverters. The Apolima scheme was built with support from the Organization for Sustainable Energy and UNDP and is considered the first PV-based, mini-grid system in any Pacific Island country.
IRENA - Case Study
Other sources: Solar Power Plants – other Asia-Pacific
